A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Dose Prediction Models for Cervical Cancer Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy.

Purpose: Deep learning (DL) is widely used in dose prediction for radiation oncology, multiple DL techniques comparison is often lacking in the literature. To compare the performance of 4 state-of-the-art DL models in predicting the voxel-level dose distribution for cervical cancer volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods and Materials: A total of 261 patients' plans for cervical cancer were retrieved in this retrospective study. A three-channel feature map, consisting of a planning target volume (PTV) mask, organs at risk (OARs) mask, and CT image was fed into the three-dimensional (3D) U-Net and its 3 variants models. The data set was randomly divided into 80% as training-validation and 20% as testing set, respectively. The model performance was evaluated on the 52 testing patients by comparing the generated dose distributions against the clinical approved ground truth (GT) using mean absolute error (MAE), dose map difference (GT-predicted), clinical dosimetric indices, and dice similarity coefficients (DSC). Results: The 3D U-Net and its 3 variants DL models exhibited promising performance with a maximum MAE within the PTV 0.83% ± 0.67% in the UNETR model. The maximum MAE among the OARs is the left femoral head, which reached 6.95% ± 6.55%. For the body, the maximum MAE was observed in UNETR, which is 1.19 ± 0.86%, and the minimum MAE was 0.94 ± 0.85% for 3D U-Net. The average error of the Dmean difference for different OARs is within 2.5 Gy. The average error of V40 difference for the bladder and rectum is about 5%. The mean DSC under different isodose volumes was above 90%. Conclusions: DL models can predict the voxel-level dose distribution accurately for cervical cancer VMAT treatment plans. All models demonstrated almost analogous performance for voxel-wise dose prediction maps. Considering all voxels within the body, 3D U-Net showed the best performance. The state-of-the-art DL models are of great significance for further clinical applications of cervical cancer VMAT.

Low triiodothyronine syndrome and depression: a cross-sectional study in the elderly based on comprehensive geriatric assessment.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid diseases such as low triiodothyronine syndrome (LT3S) are more common in the elderly population. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) has been proposed as a supplementary tool for evaluating medical, functional, psychological, and frailty status and various geriatric syndromes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thyroid diseases on overall health status using a novel CGA strategy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 477 patients were enrolled between January 2019 and December 2022. A structured CGA was conducted by a multidisciplinary team to identify older high-risk patients. Multivariate regression was performed to assess independent factors associated with thyroid status and CGA. RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormal thyroid hormone levels in the elderly was 34.2%. LT3S and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TgAb)-positivity or anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPOAb)-positivity were the main manifestations of thyroid diseases in elderly patients. The patients with LT3S had a higher prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.023), were older (p = 0.000), more often female (p = 0.014), with higher C-reactive protein (p = 0.001), and with lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.002), albumin (Alb) (p = 0.000), and haemoglobin (Hb) (p = 0.000) than patients with normal thyroid function. The CGA results showed higher rates of malnutrition and depression in patients with LT3S. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Hb [odds ratio (OR): 0.975; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.959-0.990; p = 0.002] and LT3S (OR: 2.213; 95% CI: 1.048-4.672; p = 0.037) were independently associated with depression. Female (OR: 0.393; 95% CI: 0.160-0.968; p = 0.042), Alb (OR: 0.892; 95% CI: 0.811-0.981; p = 0.018), Hb (OR, 0.964; 95% CI: 0.939-0.989; p = 0.006), and LT3S (OR: 3.749; 95% CI: 1.474-9.536; p = 0.006) were independently associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: LT3S was closely related to depression and malnutrition. Physicians should be more concerned about elderly patients with LT3S for their physical and mental status. Regular thyroid function checks might help to detect depression earlier.

Restructuring Surface Lewis Pairs of FAU Zeolite through N Doping for Boosting the Toluene Side-Chain Alkylation Performance.

Toluene side-chain alkylation with methanol for the styrene monomer formation remains a great challenge. An optimal synergy between acidic and basic sites on zeolites is required for an efficient catalysis process. It is important to modulate the surface Lewis acid-base pairs precisely. Herein, we report a strategy to restructure the surface Lewis acid-base pairs in cesium-modified X zeolite (CsX) by N doping. In the process of toluene side-chain alkylation, the CsX-BN-600 catalyst, where N species is doped into the framework of the X zeolite, exhibits 2.7 times the styrene formation rate and a much better selectivity of 85.7% in comparison to the parent CsX of 70.1% selectivity to styrene at the same reaction conditions. The introduction of N species into zeolites acts as a new Lewis base site and optimizes the Lewis sites due to its ability of electron donation. Meanwhile, the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) between the deprotonated framework nitrogen in X zeolite and positively polarized C species in the side-chain alkylation reaction is created. Furthermore, the N doping contributes to the generation of the active intermediates of HCOO* and H3CO*. These reasons favor the superiority of the catalyst through N doping.

Effect of individualized nutritional intervention on head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of individualized nutritional interventions on head and neck cancer (HNC) patients receiving radiotherapy and provide a basis for improving the quality of life for those patients. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was adopted to select HNC patients as the study objects. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 scale (NRS2002) was used to screen the nutritional risk in 108 HNC patients receiving radiotherapy, and the patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Routine dietary guidance was conducted in the control group, and individualized nutritional intervention was applied in the observation group. RESULTS: Six months after the intervention, the albumin levels (37.40 ± 4.03 g/L), hemoglobin levels (128.70 ± 15.22 g/L), and body mass index scores (BMI) (23.96 ± 3.23 kg/m2) of the observation group were all better than to those of control group (t = 2.370, 2.216, and 3.135, respectively, and P < 0.05 in all). Six months after the intervention, the anxiety and depression scores in observation group (27.6 ± 7.2 points, 27.3 ± 2.2 points) were lower than those in control group (38.6 ± 9.6 points, 37.9 ± 3.3 points). The quality-of-life score in the observation group was higher than that in control group. The nursing satisfaction in the observation group (96.43%) was higher than that in the control group (75.00%). CONCLUSION: The implementation of individualized nutritional intervention has promoted the improvement of laboratory indicators, weight, and BMI of head and neck cancer patients, reduced the risk of malnutrition of head and neck cancer patients, improved their quality of life, reduced the occurrence of adverse reactions during radiotherapy, and promoted long-term efficacy.

Intrathecal drug-infusion system for treating pain in advanced cancer: New research in patient management.

Currently, the treatment of cancer pain in China mainly follows the three-step pain relief principles formulated by the World Health Organization. As research on subarachnoid drug diffusion has intensified, intrathecal drug delivery has been gradually applied in the treatment of diseases, and improved analgesia can be achieved via the continuous infusion of small doses of morphine-derived drugs. This method can not only effectively relieve pain and enhance quality of life but also significantly reduce the incidence of nausea, vomiting, constipation, and other adverse reactions caused by the long-term intensive use of drugs in patients with cancer pain. This study summarizes the development of the intrathecal drug-infusion system for treating cancer pain in patients with advanced cancer and describes the drugs used, the advantages in pain treatment, and key nursing factors before and after device placement to provide a basis for alleviating pain in patients with cancer.

Cell wall-localized Bt protein endows rice high resistance to Lepidoptera pests.

BACKGROUND: The commercialized Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) crops accumulate Bt protein within cells, but the intracellular interactions of foreign protein with endogenous protein inevitably result in large or small unintended effects. In this study, the Bt gene Cry1Ca was linked with the sequences of extracellular secretion signal peptide and carbohydrate binding module 11 to constitute a fusion gene SP-Cry1Ca-CBM11, and the fusion gene driven by constitutive promoters was used for secreting and anchoring onto the cell wall to minimize unintended effects. RESULTS: The transient expression in tobacco leaves demonstrated that the fusion protein was anchored on cell walls. The Cry1Ca contents of five homozygous rice transformants of single-copy insertion were different and descended in the order leaf > root > stem. The maximum content of Cry1Ca was 17.55 µg g-1 in leaves of transformant 21H037. The bioassay results revealed that the transformants exhibited high resistance to lepidopteran pests. The corrected mortality of pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens) and striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) ranged from 96.33% to 100%, and from 83.32% to 100%, respectively, and the corrected mortality of rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) was 92.53%. Besides, the agronomic traits of the five transformants were normal and similar to that of the recipient, and the transformants were highly resistant to glyphosate at the germination and seedling stages. CONCLUSION: The fusion Bt protein was accumulated on cell walls and endowed the rice with high resistance to lepidopteran pests without unintended effects in agronomic traits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Establishment and evaluation of the impact of a supervisory group for chemotherapy safety management in an oncology department.

BACKGROUND: The nursing model of establishing a chemotherapy safety management supervisory group has guaranteed the safety and effectiveness of intravenous chemotherapy while reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy and improving patient satisfaction and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of establishing a nursing supervision group on improving the safety management of patients receiving chemotherapy in the oncology department. METHODS: We selected a total of 60 patients who underwent chemotherapy at the oncology department between January and June 2021 and assigned them to the control group. They received conventional chemotherapy safety management nursing care. We selected another 60 patients undergoing chemotherapy in the oncology department between July and December 2021 and assigned them to the observation group. They received a nursing intervention model facilitated by the chemotherapy safety supervision team. We compared the intervention effects in the two groups. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P< 0.05); the incidence of post-chemotherapy nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P< 0.05); and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores of patients in the observation group were reduced (P< 0.05) and significantly lower than in the control group (P< 0.05). We used the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and found a statistically significant difference in the quality of life of patients before the nursing intervention and on the day of discharge (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The establishment of a chemotherapy safety management supervisory group was effective in reducing the incidence of post-chemotherapy nausea and vomiting as well as the patient's psychological burden; it could also improve the quality of life of patients and their satisfaction with nursing care.

Phenotypic and genetic dissection of the contents of important metallic elements in hybrid rice grown in cadmium-contaminated paddy fields.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food that feeds over half of the world's population, and the contents of metallic elements in rice grain play important roles in human nutrition. In this study, the contents of important metallic elements were determined by ICP-OES, and included cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in brown rice, in the first node from the top (Node 1), in the second node from the top (Node 2), and in roots of 55 hybrids and their parental lines. The heritability of metallic element contents (MECs), the general combining ability (GCA) for MEC, and the correlation between MECs in different organs/tissues of hybrids were also analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) there was a positive correlation between the contents of Cd and Zn in nodes and roots, but a negative correlation between the contents of Cd and Zn in brown rice of the hybrids(2) the GCA for MECs can be used to evaluate the ability of the parental lines to improve the metal contents in brown rice of the hybrids(3) the contents of Cd, Zn, Ca, and Mg in brown rice were mainly affected by additive genetic effects(4) the restorer lines R2292 and R2265 can be used to cultivate hybrids with high Zn and low Cd contents in the brown rice.

Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Structural Effects of Quinoline-2-Carboxylates, Zinc-Binding Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-ß-lactamase-1 Re-sensitizing Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria for Carbapenems.

Carbapenem resistance mediated by metallo-ß-lactamases (MBL) such as New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) has become a major factor threatening the efficacy of essential ß-lactam antibiotics. Starting from hit fragment dipicolinic acid (DPA), 8-hydroxy- and 8-sulfonamido-quinoline-2-carboxylic acids were developed as inhibitors of NDM-1 with highly improved inhibitory activity and binding affinity. The most active compounds formed reversibly inactive ternary protein-inhibitor complexes with two zinc ions as proven by native protein mass spectrometry and bio-layer interferometry. Modification of the NDM-1 structure with remarkable entropic gain was shown by isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy of isotopically labeled protein. The best compounds were potent inhibitors of NDM-1 and other representative MBL with no or little inhibition of human zinc-binding enzymes. These inhibitors significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of meropenem for multidrug-resistant bacteria recombinantly expressing blaNDM-1 as well as for several multidrug-resistant clinical strains at concentrations non-toxic to human cells.

Malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and analyzed the related factors among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS: We included 108 patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy from the oncology and thoracic surgery departments of a comprehensive medical center in Qingdao between January 2019 and June 2020. We used the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 tool (NRS-2002) to evaluate their nutritional status during radiotherapy. We analyzed the basic sociodemographic information and laboratory indicators of the respondents to examine the impact of these factors on nutritional status. RESULTS: In the 108 patients that we studied, those aged ≥65 years had a significantly higher nutritional risk when compared to patients <65 years of age (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that a late tumor stage (P = 0.039), the neck being the site of radiotherapy (P = 0.009), the presence of diabetes (P < 0.001), and the presence of anxiety and depression (P = 0.002) were associated with nutritional risks for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a late tumor stage, the neck being the radiotherapy site, and combined anxiety and depression as nutritional risk factors in such patients. CONCLUSION: We found a high incidence of malnutrition in patients undergoing radiotherapy for HNC; this highlights the importance of early identification of patients at risk and evaluation of related risk factors to enhance the efficacy of nutritional interventions.

Evaluation of bladder filling effects on the dose distribution during radiotherapy for cervical cancer based on daily CT images.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the effects of bladder filling during cervical cancer radiotherapy on target volume and organs at risk (OARs) dose based on daily computed tomography (daily-CT) images and provide bladder-volume-based dose prediction models. METHODS: Nineteen patients (475 daily-CTs) comprised the study group, and five patients comprised the validation set (25 daily-CTs). Target volumes and OARs were delineated on daily-CT images and the treatment plan was recalculated accordingly. The deviation from the planning bladder volume (DVB), the correlation between DVB and clinical (CTV)/planning (PTV) target volume in terms of prescribed dose coverage, and the relationship of small bowel volume and bladder dose with the ratio of bladder volume (RVB) were analyzed. RESULTS: In all cases, the prescribed dose coverage in the CTV was >95% when DVB was <200 cm3 , whereas that in the PTV was >95% when RVB was <160%. The ratio of bladder V45 Gy to the planning bladder V45 Gy (RBV45 ) exhibited a negative linear relationship with RVB (RBV45  = -0.18*RVB + 120.8; R2  = 0.80). Moreover, the ratio of small bowel volume to planning small bowel volume (RVS) exhibited a negative linear relationship with RVB (RVS = -1.06*RVB +217.59; R2  = 0.41). The validation set results showed that the linear model predicted well the effects of bladder volume changes on target volume coverage and bladder dose. CONCLUSIONS: This study assessed dosimetry and volume effects of bladder filling on target and OARs based on daily-CT images. We established a quantitative relationship between these parameters, providing dose prediction models for cervical cancer radiotherapy.

Performance comparison of TCR-pMHC prediction tools reveals a strong data dependency.

The interaction of T-cell receptors with peptide-major histocompatibility complex molecules (TCR-pMHC) plays a crucial role in adaptive immune responses. Currently there are various models aiming at predicting TCR-pMHC binding, while a standard dataset and procedure to compare the performance of these approaches is still missing. In this work we provide a general method for data collection, preprocessing, splitting and generation of negative examples, as well as comprehensive datasets to compare TCR-pMHC prediction models. We collected, harmonized, and merged all the major publicly available TCR-pMHC binding data and compared the performance of five state-of-the-art deep learning models (TITAN, NetTCR-2.0, ERGO, DLpTCR and ImRex) using this data. Our performance evaluation focuses on two scenarios: 1) different splitting methods for generating training and testing data to assess model generalization and 2) different data versions that vary in size and peptide imbalance to assess model robustness. Our results indicate that the five contemporary models do not generalize to peptides that have not been in the training set. We can also show that model performance is strongly dependent on the data balance and size, which indicates a relatively low model robustness. These results suggest that TCR-pMHC binding prediction remains highly challenging and requires further high quality data and novel algorithmic approaches.

HMGB 1 acetylation mediates trichloroethylene-induced immune kidney injury by facilitating endothelial cell-podocyte communication.

More and more clinical evidence shows that occupational medicamentose-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene (OMDT) patients often present immune kidney damage. However, the exact mechanisms of cell-to-cell transmission in TCE-induced immune kidney damage remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore the role of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB 1) in glomerular endothelial cell-podocyte transmission. 17 OMDT patients and 34 controls were enrolled in this study. We observed that OMDT patients had renal function injury, endothelial cell activation and podocyte injury, and these indicators were associated with serum HMGB 1. To gain mechanistic insight, a TCE-sensitized BALB/c mouse model was established under the interventions of sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) activator SRT 1720 (0.1 ml, 5 mg/kg) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) inhibitor FPS-ZM 1 (0.1 ml, 1.5 mg/kg). We identified HMGB 1 acetylation and its endothelial cytoplasmic translocation following TCE sensitization, but SRT 1720 abolished the process. RAGE was located on podocytes and co-precipitated with extracellular acetylated HMGB 1, promoting podocyte injury, while SRT 1720 and FPS-ZM 1 both alleviated podocyte injury. The results demonstrate that interventions to upstream and downstream pathways of HMGB 1 may weaken glomerular endothelial cell-podocyte transmission, thereby alleviating TCE-induced immune renal injury.

Correlation between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in non-obese adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease and have adverse impacts on the cardiac structure and function. Little is known about the effect of non-obese NAFLD upon cardiac function. We aimed to compare the echocardiographic parameters of left ventricle (LV) between non-obese NAFLD group and control group, and explore the correlation of non-obese NAFLD with LV diastolic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, 316 non-obese inpatients were enrolled, including 72 participants with NAFLD (non-obese NAFLD group) and 244 participants without NAFLD (control group). LV structural and functional indices of two groups were comparatively analyzed. LV diastolic disfunction was diagnosed and graded using the ratio of the peak velocity of the early filling (E) wave to the atrial contraction (A) wave and E value. Compared with control group, the non-obese NAFLD group had the lower E/A〔(0.80 ± 0.22) vs (0.88 ± 0.35), t = 2.528, p = 0.012〕and the smaller LV end-diastolic diameter〔(4.51 ± 0.42)cm vs (4.64 ± 0.43)cm, t = 2.182, p = 0.030〕. And the non-obese NAFLD group had a higher prevalence of E/A < 1 than control group (83.3% vs 68.9%, X2 = 5.802, p = 0.016) while two groups had similar proportions of LV diastolic dysfunction (58.3% vs 53.7%, X2 = 0.484, p = 0.487). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that non-obese NAFLD was associated with an increase in E/A < 1 (OR = 6.562, 95%CI 2.014, 21.373, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Non-obese NAFLD was associated with decrease of E/A, while more research will be necessary to evaluate risk of non-obese NAFLD for LV diastolic dysfunction in future.

N6-methylation of RNA-bound adenosine regulator HNRNPC promotes vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus by activating the PSEN1-mediated Notch pathway.

AIM: The regulatory mechanism of m6A regulators in vascular endothelial function of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains largely unknown. We addressed this issue based on the data retrieved Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and experimental validations. METHODS: Expression of m6A methylation regulators was evaluated in T2DM samples of GSE76894 dataset and GSE156341 dataset. Further analysis of candidate m6A methylation regulators was conducted in the thoracic aorta of db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ectopic expression and depletion experiments were conducted to detect effects of m6A methylation regulators on vascular endothelial function in T2DM. RESULTS: It emerged that three m6A methylation regulators (HNRNPC, RBM15B, and ZC3H13) were highly expressed in T2DM, which were related to vascular EC function, showing diagnostic values for T2DM. HNRNPC expression in the thoracic aorta of db/db mice was higher than that in heterozygous db mice, and HNRNPC expression in HG-induced HUVECs was upregulated when compared with normal glucose-exposed HUVECs. Furthermore, HNRNPC activated PSEN1-dependent Notch pathway to induce eNOS inactivation and NO production decrease, thereby causing vascular endothelial dysfunction in T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: HNRNPC impaired vascular endothelial function to enhance the development of vascular complications in T2DM through PSEN1-mediated Notch signaling pathway.

Whole-exome sequencing identified recurrent and novel variants in benzene-induced leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide sequencing may extensively identify potential pathogenic variants, which helps to understand mechanisms of tumorigenesis, but such study has not been reported in benzene-induced leukemia (BIL). METHODS: We recruited 10 BIL patients and conducted the whole-exome sequencing on their peripheral blood samples. The obtained sequencing data were screened for potential pathogenic and novel variants, then the variants-located genes were clustered to identify cancer-related pathways. Shared or recurrent variants among the BIL cases were also identified and evaluated for their potential functional impact. RESULTS: We identified 48,802 variants in exons in total, 97.3% of which were single nucleotide variants. After filtering out variants with minor allele frequency ≥ 1%, we obtained 8667 potentially pathogenic variants, of which 174 were shared by all the BIL cases. The identified variants located in genes that could be significantly enriched into certain cancer-related pathways such as PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. We also identified 1010 novel variants with no record in the Genome Aggregation Database and in dbSNP, and one of them was shared by 90% cases. The recurrent and novel variant caused a missense mutation in SESN3. CONCLUSIONS: We examined variations of the whole exome in BIL patients for the first time. The commonly shared variants implied a relation with BIL, and the recurrent and novel variant might be specifically related to BIL. The related variants may help unravel the carcinogenic mechanisms of BIL.

Phosphorus vacancies improve the hydrogen evolution of MoP electrocatalysts.

Although molybdenum phosphide (MoP) has attracted increasing attention as an electrocatalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it is still worth exploring an effective approach to further improve the HER activities of MoP. To date, the generation and effect of P vacancies (Pv) on MoP have been rarely investigated for the HER in both alkaline and acidic media and remain unclear. Here, MoP rich in P vacancies (MoP-Pv) was prepared by hydrogen reduction to improve the HER catalytic performances. As a result, the overpotentials of MoP-Pv were 70 mV and 62 mV lower than those of pristine MoP in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. What's more, the TOFs of MoP-Pv were 3.14 s-1 and 1.19 s-1 at an overpotential of 200 mV in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively, which are 4.1-fold and 2.5-fold higher than those of pristine MoP. Even when compared with other corresponding catalysts, the TOFs of MoP-Pv still ranked at the top. Due to the surface P vacancies, MoP-Pv possesses more electrochemically active sites and faster charge transfer capability, which all favor higher HER catalytic activities. Overall, our work validates a straightforward and vigorous strategy for improving the intrinsic HER catalytic activities of P vacancies, and also provides guidance for the development of vacancy engineering in electrocatalysts.

Phase angle is a useful bioelectrical marker for skeletal muscle quantity and quality in hospitalized elderly patients.

To analyze whether phase angle (PhA) can be a useful bioelectrical marker for skeletal muscle quantity and quality in hospitalized elderly patients. Two hundred hospitalized elderly patients were included in this retrospective observational study. PhA was obtained by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, skeletal muscle area index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) were measured at the third lumbar vertebra level in computed tomography images using SliceOmatic software. PhA was positively associated with SMD and SMI, with correlation coefficients of 0.629 and 0.674, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that 1° reduction of PhA was significantly associated with low SMI [odds ratio (OR) = 4.331 (1.681-11.161)] and low SMD [OR = 6.418 (2.963-13.899)]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for PhA to identify patients with low SMI was 0.772 for male and 0.784 for female; the AUC for PhA to identify low SMD patients was 0.829 for male and 0.812 for female; the AUC for PhA to identify low SMD combined with low SMD patients was 0.801 for male and 0.773 for female. The results of this study showed that PhA was highly related to SMI, which can indicate the quantity of skeletal muscle in the entire body, and was highly related to SMD, which can be used to assess skeletal muscle quality. Therefore, PhA may be a useful bioelectrical marker for skeletal muscle quantity and quality.

Corrigendum: Systematic pattern analyses of Vδ2+ TCRs reveal that shared "public" Vδ2+ γδ T cell clones are a consequence of rearrangement bias and a higher expansion status.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960920.].